Aryl cyclopropyl-amino-isoquinolinyl amide compounds

ABSTRACT

Provided herein are amino isoquinolinyl amide and sulfonamide compounds that affect the function of kinases and other proteins in a cell and that are useful as therapeutic agents. In particular, these compounds are useful in the treatment of eye diseases such as glaucoma and retinal diseases, as anti-inflammatory agents, for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, and for diseases characterized by abnormal growth, such as cancers.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/570,849, filed Sep. 13, 2019, which claims the priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/731,609, filed Sep. 14, 2018, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/738,962, filed Sep. 28, 2018, the entire content of each of which is incorporated herein by reference.

SEQUENCE LISTING

This application contains a sequence listing having the filename 1959002-00143_ST25.txt, which is 620 bytes in size, and was created on Sep. 13, 2018. The entire content of this sequence listing is herein incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND

A variety of hormones, neurotransmitters and biologically active substances control, regulate or adjust the functions of living bodies via specific receptors located in cell membranes. Many of these receptors mediate the transmission of intracellular signals by activating guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) to which the receptor is coupled. Such receptors are generically referred to as G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and include, among others, α-adrenergic receptors, β-adrenergic receptors, opioid receptors, cannabinoid receptors and prostaglandin receptors. The biological effects of activating or inhibiting these receptors is not direct, but is mediated by a host of intracellular proteins. The importance of these secondary proteins has been recognized and modulation of this class is now being investigated as intervention points in disease states. One of the most important classes of these downstream effectors is the “kinase” class.

The various kinases play important roles in the regulation of various physiological functions. For example, kinases have been implicated in a number of disease states, including, but not limited to: cardiac indications such as angina pectoris, essential hypertension, myocardial infarction, supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, atherosclerosis, renal failure, diabetes, respiratory indications such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, bronchospasm, emphysema, airway obstruction, upper respiratory indications such as rhinitis, seasonal allergies, inflammatory disease, inflammation in response to injury, rheumatoid arthritis. The importance of p38 MAPK inhibitors in particular as new drugs for rheumatoid arthritis is reflected by the large number of compounds that has been developed over the last years (J. Westra and P. C. Limburg Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Volume 6, Number 8, August 2006). Other conditions include chronic inflammatory bowel disease, glaucoma, hypergastrinemia, gastrointestinal indications such as acid/peptic disorder, erosive esophagitis, gastrointestinal hypersecretion, mastocytosis, gastrointestinal reflux, peptic ulcer, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, pain, obesity, bulimia nervosa, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, organ malformations (e.g., cardiac malformations), neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease, multiple sclerosis, Epstein-Barr infection and cancer (Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 2002, 1: 493-502). In other disease states, the role of kinases is only now becoming clear. The retina is a complex tissue composed of multiple interconnected cell layers, highly specialized for transforming light and color into electrical signals that are perceived by the brain. Damage or death of the primary light-sensing cells, the photoreceptors, results in devastating effects on vision. Despite the identification of numerous mutations that cause inherited retinal degenerations, the cellular and molecular mechanisms leading from the primary mutations to photoreceptor apoptosis are not well understood, but may involve the wnt pathway (A S Hackam “The Wnt Signaling Pathway in Retinal Degeneration” IUBMB Life Volume 57, Number 6/June 2005).

The success of the tyrosine-kinase inhibitor STI571 (Gleevec) in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 2003, 2: 296-313) has spurred considerable efforts to develop other kinase inhibitors for the treatment of a wide range of other cancers (Nature Reviews Cancer 2003, 3: 650-665). The balance between the initiation and the inactivation of intracellular signals determines the intensity and duration of the response of the receptors to stimuli such as agonists. When desensitization occurs, the mediation or regulation of the physiological function mediated or regulated by the G proteins to which the receptors are coupled is reduced or prevented. For example, when agonists are administered to treat a disease or condition by activation of certain receptors, the receptors relatively quickly become desensitized from the action of the GRKs such that agonist administration may no longer result in therapeutic activation of the appropriate receptors. At that point, administration of the agonist no longer enables sufficient or effective control of or influence on the disease or condition intended to be treated.

Janus Kinases (or JAK) are a family of cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases. The JAK family plays a role in the cytokine-dependent regulation of proliferation and function of cells involved in immune response. Currently, there are four JAK family members are known JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2. The JAKs usually associate with cytokine receptors in pairs as homodimers or heterodimers. Specific cytokines are associated with specific JAK pairings. Each of the four members of the JAK family is implicated in the signaling of at least one of the cytokines associated with inflammation. Binding of cytokine to a JAK-dependent cytokine receptor induces receptor dimerization which results in phosphorylation of tyrosine residues on the JAK kinase, effecting JAK activation. Phosphorylated JAKs, in turn, bind and phosphorylate various STAT proteins which dimerize, internalize in the cell nucleus and directly modulate gene transcription, leading, among other effects, to the downstream effects associated with inflammatory disease.

In view of the role that kinases play in many disease states, there is an urgent and continuing need for small molecule ligands which inhibit or modulate the activity of kinases. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is thought that modulation of the activity of kinases, in particular ROCK and JAK kinases, by the compounds of the present disclosure is, at least in part, responsible for their beneficial effects.

SUMMARY

In one aspect, provided herein are compounds of Formula (I):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

wherein

R¹ is H, halo, —CN, —C₁₋₆ alkyl, —C₁₋₆ alkoxyl, —C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, —C₁₋₆ haloalkoxyl;

R² is H or halo;

X is —(C₁₋₅ heteroaryl)-R³; and

R³ is halo, —C₂₋₆ heterocyclyl, or —C₁₋₆ heteroalkyl.

In one aspect, provided herein are compounds of Formula (Ia):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

wherein

R¹ is H, halo, —CN, —C₁₋₆ alkyl, —C₁₋₆ alkoxyl, —C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, —C₁₋₆ haloalkoxyl;

R² is H or halo;

X is —(C₁₋₅ heteroaryl)-(R³)_(n);

R³ is H, halo, —C₂₋₆ heterocyclyl, or —C₁₋₆ heteroalkyl; and

n is 1, 2, or 3.

In another aspect, provided herein are compounds of Formula (Ib):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

wherein

R¹ is H, halo, —CN, —C₁₋₆ alkyl, —C₁₋₆ alkoxyl, —C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, —C₁₋₆ haloalkoxyl;

R² is H or halo;

X is —(C₂₋₆ heterocyclyl)-(R³)_(n);

R³ is H, halo, —C₂₋₆ heterocyclyl, or —C₁₋₆ heteroalkyl; and

n is 1, 2, or 3.

In another aspect, provided herein are compounds having a structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In another aspect, provided herein are compositions, comprising a compound provided herein.

In another aspect, provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions, comprising a compound provided herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

In another aspect, provided herein are methods of treating an ocular disorder in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound provided herein.

In another aspect, provided herein are methods of reducing intraocular pressure in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound provided herein.

In another aspect, provided herein are methods of modulating kinase activity in a cell, comprising contacting the cell with a effective amount of a compound provided herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Publications and patents are referred to throughout this disclosure. All U.S. patent applications, U.S. patent Application Publications, and U.S. patents referred to herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. All percentages, ratios, and proportions used herein are percent by weight unless otherwise specified.

Listed below are definitions of various terms used in the present disclosure. These definitions apply to the terms as they are used throughout this specification and claims, unless otherwise limited in specific instances, either individually or as part of a larger group.

As used herein, the article “a” or “an” refers to one or to more than one (i.e. to at least one) of the grammatical object of the article. By way of example, “an element” means one element or more than one element. Furthermore, use of the term “including” as well as other forms, such as “include”, “includes,” and “included,” is not limiting.

As used herein, the term “administering” refers to administration of the compounds provided herein to a cell or a subject as needed to achieve the desired effect.

As used herein, the term “alkoxyl” alone or in combination with other terms means, unless otherwise stated, an alkyl group having the designated number of carbon atoms, as defined herein, connected to the rest of the molecule via an oxygen atom.

As used herein, the term “alkyl” alone or in combination with other terms means, unless otherwise stated, a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon having the number of carbon atoms designated (i.e., C₁₋₆ means one to six carbon atoms) and includes straight or branched chain substituent groups.

As used herein, the term “composition” or “pharmaceutical composition” refers to a mixture of at least one compound—useful as described herein—with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The pharmaceutical composition facilitates administration of the compound to a patient or subject. Multiple techniques of administering a compound exist in the art including, but not limited to, intravenous, oral, aerosol, parenteral, ophthalmic, pulmonary, rectal, subcutaneous, and topical administration.

As used herein, the term “contacting a cell” is used to mean contacting a cell in vitro or in vivo i.e. in a subject, such as a mammal, including humans, rabbits, cats and dogs.

As used herein, the term “controlling the disease or disorder” is used to mean changing the activity of one or more kinases to affect the disease or disorder.

As used herein, the term “eye disease” includes, but is not limited to, glaucoma, allergy, cancers of the eye, neurodegenerative diseases of the eye, such as diabetic eye disease, macular degeneration (AMD), inflammation, and dry eye.

As used herein, the term “disease or disorder associated with kinase activity” refers to a disease, condition or disorder treatable, in whole or in part, by inhibition of one or more kinases.

As used herein, the term “effective amount,” “pharmaceutically effective amount” or “therapeutically effective amount” refers to a nontoxic but sufficient dosage amount of an agent (e.g., the compounds or compositions provided herein) to provide the desired biological result, which result may be reduction or alleviation, or both, of the signs, symptoms, or causes of a disease, or any other desired alteration of a biological system including influencing, reducing or inhibiting the activity of or preventing activation of a kinase (e.g., modulating kinase activity). An appropriate therapeutic amount in any individual case may be determined by one of ordinary skill in the art using routine experimentation. These terms as used herein may also refer to an amount effective at bringing about a desired in vivo effect in an animal—where in some embodiments, the animal is a human—including, but not limited to, uveitis, reduction in intraocular pressure, or dry eye.

As used herein, the term “excipient” refers to physiologically compatible additives useful in preparation of a pharmaceutical composition. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable excipients (e.g., pharmaceutically acceptable carriers) can, for example, be found in Remington Pharmaceutical Science, 16th Ed.

As used herein, the term “haloalkyl” refers to an alkyl group independently substituted with one or more (e.g., one to six) fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine atoms. In some embodiments, the alkyl group is independently substituted with one or more fluorine, chlorine, or bromine atoms. In some embodiments, the alkyl group is independently substituted with one or more (e.g., one to three) fluorine or chlorine atoms.

As used herein, the term “halo” alone or in combination with other terms means, unless otherwise stated, halogen atoms such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine atoms (e.g., F or Cl).

As used herein, the term “haloalkoxyl” refers to an alkoxyl group independently substituted with one or more (e.g., one to six) fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine atoms. In some embodiments, the alkoxyl group is independently substituted with one or more fluorine, chlorine, or bromine atoms. In some embodiments, the alkoxyl group is independently substituted with one or more (e.g., one to three) fluorine or chlorine atoms.

As used herein, the term “heteroalkyl” by itself or in combination with another term means, unless otherwise stated, a stable straight or branched chain alkyl group consisting of the stated number of carbon atoms and one, two or three heteroatoms independently selected from O, N, or S. The heteroatom(s) may be placed at any position of the heteroalkyl group, including between the rest of the heteroalkyl group and the fragment to which it is attached, as well as attached to the most distal carbon atom in the heteroalkyl group.

As used herein, the term “heteroaryl” refers to a heterocyclic ring having aromatic character. In some embodiments, heteroaryl groups have one to five carbon atoms. In some embodiments, heteroaryl groups have two to ten carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the heterocyclic ring is a polycyclic ring.

As used herein, the term “heterocyclyl” refers to a mono cyclic non-aromatic radical, wherein the atoms forming the ring (i.e., skeletal atoms) include carbon atoms and one, two, three or four heteroatoms independently selected from O, N, or S. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl group is saturated or partially unsaturated.

As used herein, the term “subject,” “patient” or “individual” refers to a human or a non-human mammal. Non-human mammals include, for example, livestock and pets, such as ovine, bovine, porcine, canine, feline, and murine mammals. In some embodiments, the patient, subject, or individual is human.

As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable” refers to a material that does not abrogate the biological activity or properties of the compound, and is relatively non-toxic, i.e. the material may be administered to an individual without causing undesirable biological effects or interacting in a deleterious manner with any of the components of the composition in which it is contained.

As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” means a pharmaceutically acceptable material, composition or carrier, such as a liquid or solid filler, stabilizer, dispersing agent, suspending agent, diluent, excipient, thickening agent, solvent or encapsulating material, involved in carrying or transporting a compound useful as provided herein within or to the patient such that it may perform its intended function. Typically, such constructs are carried or transported from one organ, or portion of the body, to another organ, or portion of the body. Each carrier must be “acceptable” in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation, including the compound useful as provided herein, and not injurious to the patient. As used herein, “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” also includes any and all coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, and absorption delaying agents, and the like that are compatible with the activity of the compound useful as provided herein, and are physiologically acceptable to the patient. The term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” may further include a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound useful as provided herein. Other additional ingredients that may be included in the pharmaceutical compositions are described, for example, in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences (Genaro, Ed., Mack Publishing Co., 1985, Easton, Pa.), which is incorporated herein by reference. The “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” is useful for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition that is: generally compatible with the other ingredients of the composition, not deleterious to the recipient, and neither biologically nor otherwise undesirable. “A pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” includes one or more than one carrier. Embodiments include carriers for topical, ocular, parenteral, intravenous, intraperitoneal intramuscular, sublingual, nasal or oral administration. “Pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” also includes agents for preparation of aqueous dispersions and sterile powders for injection or dispersions.

As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to derivatives of the compounds provided herein wherein the parent compound is modified by converting an existing acid or base moiety to its salt form. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, mineral or organic acid salts of basic residues such as amines; alkali or organic salts of acidic residues such as carboxylic acids; and the like. The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds provided herein include the conventional non-toxic salts of the parent compound formed, for example, from non-toxic inorganic or organic acids. The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds provided herein can be synthesized from the parent compound which contains a basic or acidic moiety by conventional chemical methods. Generally, such salts can be prepared by combining the free acid or base forms of these compounds with a stoichiometric amount of the appropriate base or acid in water or in an organic solvent, or in a mixture of the two; generally, nonaqueous media such as ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol, or acetonitrile may be used. Lists of suitable salts are found in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17th ed., Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pa., 1985, p. 1418 and Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 66, 2 (1977), each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

As used herein, the term “prevent” or “prevention” refers to no disorder or disease development if none had occurred, or no further disorder or disease development if there had already been development of the disorder or disease. Also considered is the ability of one to prevent some or all of the symptoms associated with the disorder or disease.

As used herein, the term “treatment” or “treating” refers to the application or administration of a therapeutic agent, i.e. a compound provided herein, to a patient, or application or administration of a therapeutic agent to an isolated tissue or cell line from a patient (e.g., for diagnosis or ex vivo applications), who has a disease, a symptom of the disease or the potential to develop the disease, with the purpose to heal, alleviate, relieve, alter, remedy, ameliorate, improve or affect the disease, the symptoms of the disease, or the potential to develop the disease. Such treatments may be specifically tailored or modified, based on knowledge obtained from the field of pharmacogenomics.

Compounds

In an aspect, provided herein are compounds of Formula (I):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

wherein

R¹ is H, halo, —CN, —C₁₋₆ alkyl, —C₁₋₆ alkoxyl, —C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, or —C₁₋₆ haloalkoxyl;

R² is H or halo;

X is —(C₁₋₅ heteroaryl)-R³; and

R³ is halo, —C₂₋₆ heterocyclyl, or —C₁₋₆ heteroalkyl.

In another aspect, provided herein are compounds of Formula (Ia):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

wherein

R¹ is H, halo, —CN, —C₁₋₆ alkyl, —C₁₋₆ alkoxyl, —C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, or —C₁₋₆ haloalkoxyl;

R² is H or halo;

X is —(C₁₋₅ heteroaryl)-(R³)_(n);

R³ is H, halo, —C₂₋₆ heterocyclyl, or —C₁₋₆ heteroalkyl; and

n is 1, 2, or 3.

In another aspect, provided herein are compounds of Formula (Ib):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

wherein

R¹ is H, halo, —CN, —C₁₋₆ alkyl, —C₁₋₆ alkoxyl, —C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, or —C₁₋₆ haloalkoxyl;

R² is H or halo;

X is —(C₂₋₆ heterocyclyl)-(R³)_(n);

R³ is H, halo, —C₂₋₆ heterocyclyl, or —C₁₋₆ heteroalkyl; and

n is 1, 2, or 3.

In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) is a compound of Formula (II):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) is a compound of Formula (III):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In some embodiments, R¹ is H, halo, —CN, —C₁₋₆ alkyl, —C₁₋₆ alkyl-OH, —C₁₋₆ alkoxyl, —C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, —C₁₋₆ haloalkoxyl;

In some embodiments, R¹ is H, halo, —CN, —C₁₋₃ alkyl, —C₁₋₃ alkoxyl, —C₁₋₃ haloalkyl, —C₁₋₃ haloalkoxyl.

In some embodiments, R¹ is H, Cl, —CN, —CH₃, —CH₂CH₃, —CH(CH₃)₂, —CHF₂, —CF₃, or —OCF₃.

In some embodiments, R¹ is Cl, —CN, —CH₃, —CH₂CH₃, —CH(CH₃)₂, —CHF₂, —CF₃, or —OCF₃.

In some embodiments, R¹ is H, Cl, —OH, —CH₂OH, —CN, —CH₃, —CH₂CH₃, —CH(CH₃)₂, —CHF₂, —CF₃, or —OCF₃.

In some embodiments, R¹ is Cl, —OH, —CH₂OH, —CN, —CH₃, —CH₂CH₃, —CH(CH₃)₂, —CHF₂, —CF₃, or —OCF₃.

In some embodiments, R² is F, Cl, Br, or I.

In some embodiments, R² is H or F.

In some embodiments, X is —(C₃₋₅ heteroaryl)-R³.

In some embodiments, X is —(C₃₋₅ heterocyclyl)-R³.

In some embodiments, X is a pyridyl, pyrrolyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrimidinyl, triazinyl, thiazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, or oxazolyl, each of which may be substituted with R³.

In some embodiments, X is

In some embodiments, X is

In some embodiments, X is

In some embodiments, X is -pyridinyl-(R³)_(n), -pyrimidinyl-(R³)_(n), -pyrazinyl-(R³)_(n), -pyridazinyl-(R³)_(n), or -thiazolyl-(R³)_(n).

In some embodiments, X is -tetrahydropyridinyl-(R³)_(n), -aziridinyl-(R³)_(n), -azetidinyl-(R³)_(n), -pyrrolidinyl-(R³)_(n), -piperidinyl-(R³)_(n), or -azepanyl-(R³)_(n).

In some embodiments, R³ is —C₂₋₆ heterocyclyl or —C₁₋₆ heteroalkyl.

In some embodiments, R³ is —C₃₋₅ heterocycloalkyl or —C₁₋₄ heteroalkyl.

In some embodiments, R³ is H or F.

In some embodiments, R³ is F, Cl, Br, or I.

In some embodiments, each R³ is, independently, F, Cl, Br, or I.

In some embodiments, n is 1. In some embodiments, n is 2.

In some embodiments, n is 2 and each R³ is, independently, F, Cl, Br, or I.

In some embodiments, R³ is F,

In some embodiments, X is

In some embodiments, X is

In some embodiments: R¹ is H, Cl, —CN, —CH₃, —CH₂CH₃, —CH(CH₃)₂, —CHF₂, —CF₃, or —OCF₃;

R² is H or F;

X is

and

R³ is F,

In some embodiments:

R¹ is Cl, —CN, —CH₃, —CH₂CH₃, —CH(CH₃)₂, —CHF₂, —CF₃, or —OCF₃;

R² is H or F;

X is

and

R³ is

In some embodiments, the compound is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In some embodiments, the compound is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In some embodiments, the compound is a compound of Table 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In some embodiments, the compound is a compound of Table 2 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Methods

In another aspect, provided herein are methods of treating an ocular disorder in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound provided herein (i.e. a compound of Formula (I), Formula (Ia), Formula (Ib), Formula (II), Formula (III), Table 1, Table 2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof).

In some embodiments, the ocular disorder is glaucoma, an inflammatory eye disease, a neurodegenerative eye disease, diabetic eye disease, wet age-related macular degeneration, or dry age-related macular degeneration.

In another aspect, provided herein are methods of reducing intraocular pressure in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound provided herein (i.e. a compound of Formula (I), Formula (Ia), Formula (Ib), Formula (II), Formula (III), Table 1, Table 2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof).

In another aspect, provided herein are methods of treating a disease or disorder associated with a kinase activity in a subject in need thereof, comprising contacting the subject with a therapeutically effective amount of a compound provided herein (i.e. a compound of Formula (I), Formula (Ia), Formula (Ib), Formula (II), Formula (III), Table 1, Table 2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof).

In some embodiments, the kinase activity is a JAK (Janus kinase) activity.

In some embodiments, the kinase activity is a ROCK (Rho-associate protein kinase) activity.

In some embodiments of these aspects, the compound is administered topically to an eye of the subject

In some embodiments of these aspects, the compound is administered topically to an eyelid of the subject.

In some embodiments of these aspects, the subject is a human.

In another aspect, provided herein are methods of modulating kinase activity in a cell, comprising contacting the cell with a effective amount of a compound provided herein (i.e. a compound of Formula (I), Formula (Ia), Formula (Ib), Formula (II), Formula (III), Table 1, Table 2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof).

In some embodiments, the cell is in a subject.

In some embodiments, the cell is in a human subject.

In another aspect, provided herein are uses of a compound provided herein (i.e. a compound of Formula (I), Formula (Ia), Formula (Ib), Formula (II), Formula (III), Table 1, Table 2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof), a composition provided herein, or a pharmaceutical composition provided herein, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a viral infection, a cancer, or an allergic disease.

In another aspect, provided herein are compositions, comprising a compound provided herein.

In another aspect, provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions, comprising a composition provided herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Actual dosage levels of an active ingredient in the pharmaceutical compositions provided herein may be varied so as to obtain an amount of the active ingredient that is effective to achieve a desired therapeutic response for a particular subject, composition, or mode of administration, without being toxic to the subject.

In some embodiments, it is especially advantageous to formulate the compound in dosage unit form for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage. Dosage unit form as used herein refers to physically discrete units suited as unitary dosages for the subject to be treated; each unit containing a predetermined quantity of therapeutic compound calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect in association with the required pharmaceutical vehicle. The dosage unit forms of the present disclosure are dictated by and directly dependent on (a) the unique characteristics of the therapeutic compound and the particular therapeutic effect to be achieved, and (b) the limitations inherent in the art of compounding/formulating such a therapeutic compound for the treatment of the diseases referred to herein in a subject in need thereof.

In one embodiment, the compounds or compositions provided herein are formulated using one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients or carriers. In one embodiment, the pharmaceutical compositions provided herein comprise a therapeutically effective amount of a compound provided herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides packaged pharmaceutical compositions comprising a container holding at least one therapeutically effective amount of a compound provided herein, and instructions for using the compound to treat one or more symptoms of a disease referred to herein in a subject in need thereof.

Routes of administration of any of the compositions provided herein include oral, nasal, rectal, intravaginal, parenteral, buccal, sublingual, topical, or ocular. The compounds for use as provided herein may be formulated for administration by any suitable route, such as for ocular, oral or parenteral, for example, transdermal, transmucosal (e.g., sublingual, lingual, (trans)buccal, (trans)urethral, vaginal (e.g., trans- and perivaginally), (intra)nasal and (trans)rectal), intravesical, intrapulmonary, intraduodenal, intragastrical, intrathecal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intradermal, intra-arterial, intravenous, intrabronchial, inhalation, and topical administration.

Suitable compositions and dosage forms include, for example, drops, tablets, capsules, caplets, pills, gel caps, troches, dispersions, suspensions, solutions, syrups, granules, beads, transdermal patches, gels, powders, pellets, magmas, lozenges, creams, pastes, plasters, lotions, discs, suppositories, liquid sprays for nasal or oral administration, dry powder or aerosolized formulations for inhalation, compositions and formulations for ocular or intravesical administration and the like. It should be understood that the formulations and compositions that would be useful as provided herein are not limited to the particular formulations and compositions that are described herein.

In another aspect, provided herein are dosage forms suitable for administration to a subject in need thereof, comprising a compound provided herein (i.e. a compound of Formula (I), Formula (Ia), Formula (Ib), Formula (II), Formula (III), Table 1, Table 2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof).

In another aspect, provided herein are kits, comprising a composition including a compound provided herein (i.e. a compound of Formula (I), Formula (Ia), Formula (Ib), Formula (II), Formula (III), Table 1, Table 2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) and instructions for use thereof. In some embodiments, the kit further includes one or more of a syringe, a vial, or a dosage form.

Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, numerous equivalents to the specific procedures, embodiments, claims, and examples described herein. Such equivalents were considered to be within the scope of this disclosure and covered by the claims appended hereto. For example, it should be understood, that modifications in reaction conditions, including but not limited to reaction times, reaction size or volume, and experimental reagents, such as solvents, catalysts, pressures, atmospheric conditions, e.g., nitrogen atmosphere, and reducing or oxidizing agents, with art-recognized alternatives and using no more than routine experimentation, are within the scope of the present application.

It is to be understood that wherever values and ranges are provided herein, all values and ranges encompassed by these values and ranges, are meant to be encompassed within the scope of the present disclosure. Moreover, all values that fall within these ranges, as well as the upper or lower limits of a range of values, are also contemplated by the present application.

The following examples further illustrate aspects of the present disclosure. However, they are in no way a limitation of the teachings or present disclosure as set forth herein.

EXAMPLES

Compounds provided herein may be prepared as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/941,993.

Example 1: ROCK and JAK Assays ROCK Kinase Inhibition Assays.

All compounds were initially prepared as 10 mM stocks in anhydrous dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). A 20 μl aliquot of the 10 mM solutions was transferred to individual wells in column 1 of a 96-well polypropylene microtiter plate (Corning #3363) and diluted with DMSO to give a final compound concentration of 4 mM. Test compounds were then serially diluted 1:5 in DMSO for an 11-point concentration response and further diluted in the assay buffer bringing all compound concentrations to a final range of 100 μM to 10 μM in 2.5% DMSO. The assay was performed in white 96-well, flat-bottom, half-area, non-binding assay plate (Corning #3642) in assay buffer consisting of 20 mM HEPES (pH 7.5), 10 mM MgCl₂*6H₂O, 100 μM sodium orthovanadate, 0.05% CHAPS and 0.1% bovine serum albumin. A 10 μL aliquot of compound from each well of the intermediate dilution plate and 20 μL of a 2×substrate/enzyme solution containing acceptor substrate (800 nM RSK2 peptide KRRRLSSLRA (SEQ ID NO: 1)), ROCK2 enzyme (10 nM), or ROCK1 enzyme, and 1,4-Dithiothreitol (DTT, 2 uM) were added to all wells. The reaction was initiated by the addition of 10 μL of 4×stock solution ATP (2 μM). Reactions were thoroughly mixed manually, covered and allowed to incubate at room temperature for 75 min. Protein kinase activity was quantitated using Promega's KINASE-GLO™ luminescent Kinase Assay Kit according to the manufacturer's directions. ATP concentrations remaining in Test wells following the termination of the enzymatic reaction were compared against control wells containing equivalent amounts of DMSO containing no inhibitor (CTRL). ATP concentrations in both Test wells and CTRL wells were normalized against background (BKG) ATP concentrations in wells containing concentrations of inhibitor that completely inhibited the protein kinase under investigation (i.e. a concentration that prevented any consumption of ATP over the course of the incubation). Percent of Control (POC) values were determined for each concentration of compound tested according to the equation:

POC=((Test well value−BKG)/(CTRL−BKG))*100

IC₅₀ values were calculated using the following 4-parameter logistic curve-fitting algorithm:

f(x)=(A+((B−A)/(1+((x/C){circumflex over ( )}D))))

IC₅₀ values were converted to K values using the Cheng-Prusoff Equation: K=IC₅₀/(1+([ATP]/Km ATP])).

JAK Kinase Assays.

Compounds were prepared in the exact same manner as described in the ROCK Kinase Assay with the exception to the substrate and enzyme. The JAK 2×substrate/enzyme solution consisted of acceptor substrate (800 nM Abl peptide EAIYAAPFAKKK (SEQ ID NO: 2)), JAK2 or JAK3 enzyme (10 nM) and DTT (2 μM). All other steps and solutions remain identical to the ROCK Kinase Assay above. Results are shown below in Table 1 and Table 2.

Example 2: PTM-HTM Assay

Porcine Trabecular Meshwork cells (PTM) were isolated from freshly obtained enucleated porcine eyes. Immortalized Human Trabecular Meshwork cells (TM-1) were obtained through a kind gift from Donna Peters in the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences at the University of Wisconsin. Cells were plated onto fibronectin coated glass-bottom 96-well plates and allowed to attach overnight. Media was removed and replaced with test compound in media with 1% fetal bovine serum and incubated for various times. After incubation, cells were formaldehyde fixed, triton solubilized, and stained. PTM cells were stained with Alexa Fluor®488 phalloidin (F-actin) and Hoechst 33342 (nuclei). TM-1 cells were stained with anti-paxillin followed by Alexa Fluor®488 goat-anti-mouse IgG (focal adhesions) and Hoechst 33342 (nuclei). All staining reagents were obtained through Invitrogen. Images were collected on an INCell 2200 imager with a 20×objective. The actin fiber length and total area of focal adhesions were analyzed using custom algorithms developed in the INCell Developer Toolbox, v1.9.3. Data collected were converted to percent of control (untreated cells). Curves were fit to data in GraphPad Prizm using sigmoidal dose-response and constraining top and bottom to 100% and 0%, respectively. Results are shown below in Table 1 and Table 2.

Example 3: Pharmaceutical Compositions for Lowering Intraocular Pressure

Topical pharmaceutical compositions of the compounds provided herein for lowering intraocular pressure are prepared by conventional methods. A compound according to this disclosure is used as the free base or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. When the composition is topically administered to the eyes once daily, the above composition decreases intraocular pressure in a subject suffering from glaucoma

Example 4: Pharmacological Activity for Glaucoma Assay

Pharmacological activity for glaucoma can also be demonstrated using assays designed to test the ability of the subject compounds to decrease intraocular pressure. Examples of such assays are described in the following reference, incorporated herein by reference: C. Liljebris, G. Selen, B. Resul, J. Sternschantz, and U. Hacksell, “Derivatives of 17-phenyl-18, 19, 20-trinorprostaglandin F₂, Isopropyl Ester: Potential Anti-glaucoma Agents”, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 1995, 38 (2): 289-304.

TABLE 1 Com- pound Structure IC₅₀ (nM)  1

19 nM JAK2 148 nM JAK3 16 nM ROCK1 4.9 nM ROCK2 1130 nM IKK_(β)  2

 3

 4

 5

 6

0.70 nM JAK2 1.5 nM JAK3 128 nM ROCK1 68 nM ROCK2 4.1 nM IKK_(β) PTM: 2100 nM 2.0 nM JAK1 0.25 nM TYK2  7

1.0 nM JAK2 5.8 nM JAK3 1087 nM ROCK1 880 nM ROCK2 3.6 nM IKK_(β)  8

0.65 nM JAK2 3.9 nM JAK3 7.3 nM IKK_(β) 121 nM ROCK1 93 nM ROCK2  9

1.0 nM JAK2 8.2 nM JAK3 1570 nM ROCK1 1165 nM ROCK2 14 nM IKK_(β) 10

3.0 nM JAK2 14.0 nM JAK3 220 nM ROCK1 74 nM ROCK2 105 nM IKK_(β) >1000 nM Stat5 15 nM JAK1 34 nM TYK2 11

10.8 nM JAK2 135 nM JAK3 153 nM ROCK1 57 nM ROCK2 765 nM IKK_(β) 12

17 nM JAK2 175 nM JAK3 759 nM IKK_(β) 21 nM ROCK1 21 nM ROCK2 13

21 nM JAK2 179 nM JAK3 825 nM IKK_(β) 18 nM ROCK1 15 nM ROCK2 14

0.90 nM JAK2 9.0 nM JAK3 122 nM ROCK1 108 nM ROCK2 16 nM IKK_(β) 200 nM Stat5 1080 nM PTM 15

2.0 nM JAK2 4.8 nM JAK3 156 nM ROCK1 56 nM ROCK2 88 nM IKK_(β) 16

16a

2.0 nM JAK2 4.8 nM JAK3 56 nM ROCK2 156 nM ROCK1 88 nM IKK_(β) 0.8 nM JAK1 7.0 nM TYK2 16b

  chiral non-racemic 1.0 nM JAK2 2.9 nM JAK3 25 nM ROCK2 74 nM ROCK1 70 nM IKK_(β) 0.44 nM JAK1 12 nM TYK2 17

0.8 nM JAK2 4.2 nM JAK3 44 nM ROCK1 45 nM ROCK2 18

2.5 nM JAK2 19.5 nM JAK3 6.4 nM ROCK1 4.0 nM ROCK2 17.5 nM IKK_(β) 19

4975 nM JAK2 6750 nM JAK3 7400 nM ROCK1 4750 nM ROCK2 nM IKK_(β) 20

0.9 nM JAK2 2.4 nM JAK3 30 nM ROCK1 20 nM ROCK2 6.9 nM IKK_(β) 21

22

23

24

25

26

27

1.15 nM JAK2 19 nM JAK3 125 nM ROCK1 44 nM ROCK2 159 nM IKK_(β) 41 nM Stat5 120 nM JAK1 98 nM TYK2 28

170 nM JAK1 1.4 nM JAK2 18 nM JAK3 160 nM ROCK1 67 nM ROCK2 381 nM IKK_(β) 57 nM Stat5 210 nM TYK2 29

43 nM ROCK1 13.8 nM ROCK2 170 nM JAK2 350 nM JAK3 >5000 nM IKK_(β) 30

31

32

0.35 nM JAK2 3.4 nM JAK3 5.0 nM IKK_(β) 20.0 nM ROCK1 12.3 nM ROCK2 33

34

35

37

38

39

40

41

42

TABLE 2 Com- pound Structure IC₅₀ or Ki (nM)  36

1.0 nM Ki ROCK2 6 nM Ki JAK2 211 nM Ki JAK3 1192 nM Ki IKKe 12 nM IC₅₀ PTM  43

 44

 45

 46

 47

 48

 49

2.0 nM JAK2 16 nM JAK3 3.2 nM IKK_(β) 181 nM ROCK2 207 nM ROCK1 48 nM JAK1 91 nM TYK2  50

 51

3.0 nM JAK2 15 nM JAK3 132 nM IKK_(β) 8 nM ROCK2 9 nM ROCK1 11 nM JAK1 47 nM TYK2  52

1.0 nM JAK2 4.4 nM JAK3 3.0 nM ROCK2 6.0 nM ROCK1 10 nM IKK_(β) 330 nM PKA 4.0 nM JAK1 15 nM TYK2  53

0.95 nM JAK2 3.4 nM JAK3 3.2 nM IKK_(β) 35 nM ROCK2 67 nM ROCK1 6.5 nM JAK1 12.7 nM TYK2  54

12 nM JAK2 205 nM JAK3 3750 nM IKK_(β) 11 nM ROCK2 25 nM ROCK1 17 nM JAK1 167 nM TYK2  55

1.0 nM JAK2 4.8 nM JAK3 38 nM IKK_(β) 343 nM ROCK2 748 nM ROCK1 0.9 nM JAK1 9.0 nM TYK2  56

2.0 nM JAK2 12 nM JAK3 260 nM ROCK2 360 nM ROCK1 54 nM IKK_(β) 15 nM JAK1 16 nM TYK2  57

370 nM ROCK2 700 nM ROCK1 14 nM JAK2 112 nM JAK3 1240 nM IKK_(β)  58

385 nM ROCK2 915 nM ROCK1 225 nM JAK2 1430 nM JAK3 1630 nM IKK_(β)  59

1.0 nM JAK2 13 nM JAK3 3.6 nM IKK_(β) 107 nM ROCK2 170 nM ROCK1 28 nM JAK1 30 nM TYK2  60

11.8 nM JAK2 13 nM JAK3 1585 nM IKK_(β) 5.9 nM ROCK2 15.5 nM ROCK1 48 nM JAK1 110 nM TYK2  61

108 nM JAK2 785 nM JAK3 5813 nM IKK_(β) 225 nM ROCK2 275 nM ROCK1 465 nM JAK1 1065 nM TYK2  62

2.0 nM JAK2 7.7 nM JAK3 6.4 nM IKK_(β) 116 nM ROCK2 190 nM ROCK1 16 nM JAK1 15 nM TYK2  63

72 nM JAK2 203 nM JAK3 320 nM IKK_(β) 37 nM ROCK2 116 nM ROCK1 3300 nM JAK1 4200 nM TYK2  64

250 nM JAK2 2476 nM JAK3 336 nM IKK_(β) 99 nM ROCK2 127 nM ROCK1 1028 nM JAK1 2183 nM TYK2  65

 66

72 nM JAK2 1505 nM JAK3 319 nM IKK_(β) 39 nM ROCK2 116 nM ROCK1 3344 nM JAK1 4278 nM TYK2  67

2.0 nM JAK2 10.5 nM JAK3 11.5 nM IKK_(β) 1550 nM ROCK2 3400 nM ROCK1 10.5 nM JAK1 19.5 nM TYK2  68

3.0 nM JAK2 48 nM JAK3 9.1 nM IKK_(β) 3800 nM ROCK2 6500 nM ROCK1 115 nM JAK1 145 nM TYK2  69

3.0 nM JAK2 25 nM JAK3 370 nM ROCK2 470 nM ROCK1 16 nM IKK_(β) 53 nM JAK1 73 nM TYK2  70

1.0 nM JAK2 14.5 nM JAK3 3.1 nM IKK_(β) 1830 nM ROCK2 3650 nM ROCK1 24.4 nM JAK1 39 nM TYK2  71

20.2 nM JAK2 200 nM JAK3 600 nM IKK_(β) 235 nM ROCK2 520 nM ROCK1 120 nM JAK1 630 nM TYK2  72

7000 nM JAK2 >50k nM JAK3 >50k nM ROCK2 >50k nM RCK1 14,000 nM IKK_(β) >50k nM JAK1 >50k nM TYK2  73

5.9 nM JAK2 97 nM JAK3 1060 nM ROCK2 1216 nM RCK1 11.8 nM IKK_(β) 195 nM JAK1 230 nM TYK2  74

7.4 nM JAK2 15 nM JAK3 25 nM ROCK2 18 nM ROCK1 250 nM JAK1 230 nM TYK2  75

 76

30 nM JAK2 725 nM JAK3 13 nM ROCK2 15 nM ROCK1 3600 nM IKK_(β) 140 nM JAK1 165 nM TYK2  77

15 nM JAK2 380 nM JAK3 2350 nM IKK_(β) 8.0 nM ROCK2 14 nM ROCK1 59 nM JAK1 250 nM TYK2  78

2.0 nM JAK2 32 nM JAK3 4.0 nM IKK_(β) 220 nM ROCK2 310 nM ROCK1 34 nM JAK1 55 nM TYK2  79

7.0 nM JAK2 98 nM JAK3 31 nM ROCK2 68 nM ROCK1 208 nM IKK_(β) 110 nM JAK1 290 nM TYK2  80

1.5 nM JAK2 15 nM JAK3 23 nM ROCK2 35 nM ROCK1 509 nM IKK_(β) 8.5 nM JAK1 40 nM TYK2  81

4.4 nM JAK2 61 nM JAK3 500 nM IKK_(β) 3.0 nM ROCK2 5.1 nM ROCK1 18 nM JAK1 51 nM TYK2  82

13 nM JAK2 200 nM JAK3 507 nM IKK_(β) 4.5 nM ROCK2 9.0 nM ROCK1 100 nM JAK1 189 nM TYK2  83

9.4 nM JAK2 38 nM JAK3 280 nM IKK_(β) 3.5 nM ROCK2 6.4 nM ROCK1 42 nM JAK1 112 nM TYK2  84

3.4 nM JAK2 17 nM JAK3 235 nM IKK_(β) 17.3 nM ROCK2 46 nM ROCK1 PTM: xx nM 16 nM JAK1 28 nM TYK2  85

1.0 nM JAK2 5.8 nM JAK3 875 nM ROCK2 1200 nM ROCK1 3.6 nM IKK_(β) 7.3 nM JAK1 12 nM TYK2  86

2.0 nM ROCK2 3.4 nM ROCK1 4.5 nM JAK2 23 nM JAK3 34.5 nM IKK_(β) 19 nM JAK1 79 nM TYK2  87

0.8 nM JAK2 4.3 nM JAK3 2.7 nM IKK_(β) 45 nM ROCK2 44 nM ROCK1 12 nM JAK1 19 nM TYK2  88

10.8 nM JAK2 135 nM JAK3 57 nM ROCK2 153 nM ROCK1 765 nM IKK_(β) 68 nM JAK1 143 nM TYK2  89

19 nM JAK2 148 nM JAK3 4.9 nM ROCK2 16 nM ROCK1 1130 nM IKK_(β) 95 nM JAK1 227 nM TYK2  90

4975 nM JAK2 6750 nM JAK3 4750 nM ROCK2 7400 nM ROCK1  91

1.0 nM JAK2 8.2 nM JAK3 1165 nM ROCK2 1570 nM ROCK1 14 nM IKK_(β) 5.0 nM JAK1 3.9 nM TYK2  92

2.5 nM JAK2 19.5 nM JAK3 4.0 nM ROCK2 6.4 nM ROCK1 17.5 nM IKK_(β) 23 nM JAK1 74 nM TYK2  93

0.9 nM JAK2 2.9 nM JAK3 20 nM ROCK2 30 nM ROCK1 6.9 nM IKK_(β) 2.0 nM JAK1 3.0 nM TYK2  94

0.65 nM JAK2 3.9 nM JAK3 7.3 nM IKK_(β) 93 nM ROCK2 121 nM ROCK1 0.80 nM JAK1 10 nM TYK2  95

17 nM JAK2 175 nM JAK3 759 nM IKK_(β) 21 nM ROCK2 21 nM ROCK1 102 nM JAK1 200 nM TYK2  96

0.35 nM JAK2 2.4 nM JAK3 5.0 nM IKK_(β) 12.3 nM ROCK2 20.0 nM ROCK1 3.0 nM JAK1 4.9 nM TYK2  97

 98

21 nM JAK2 179 nM JAK3 825 nM IKK_(β) 15 nM ROCK2 18 nM ROCK1 121 nM JAK1 158 nM TYK2  99

0.90 nM JAK2 9.0 nM JAK3 108 nM ROCK2 122 nM ROCK1 16 nM IKK_(β) 12.5 nM JAK1 11 nM TYK2 100

1.0 nM JAK2 3.4 nM JAK3 147 nM ROCK2 250 nM ROCK1 6.0 nM IKK_(β) 1.0 nM JAK1 5.0 nM TYK2 101

1.2 nM JAK2 18 nM JAK3 36 nM ROCK2 114 nM ROCK1 159 nM IKK_(β) 13 nM JAK1 146 nM TYK2 102

3.0 nM JAK2 14.0 nM JAK3 74 nM ROCK2 220 nM ROCK1 105 nM IKK_(β) 15 nM JAK1 69 nM TYK2 103

0.95 nM JAK2 1.9 nM JAK3 3.0 nM ROCK2 9.0 nM ROCK1 4.5 nM IKK_(β) 3.0 nM JAK1 5.0 nM TYK2 104

1.5 nM JAK2 17 nM JAK3 67 nM ROCK2 160 nM ROCK1 381 nM IKK_(β) 8 nM JAK1 82 nM TYK2 105

2.0 nM JAK2 1.9 nM JAK3 6.0 nM ROCK2 8.0 nM ROCK1 100 nM IKK_(β) 12 nM JAK1 0.70 nM TYK2 106

0.70 nM JAK2 1.0 nM JAK3 3.0 nM ROCK2 4.7 nM ROCK1 3.2 nM IKK_(β) 12 nM PKCs 0.70 nM JAK1 1.5 nM TYK2 107

0.70 nM JAK2 1.5 nM JAK3 0.95 nM JAK1 1.0 nM TYK2 68 nM ROCK2 128 nM ROCK1 4.1 nM IKK_(β) 108

13.8 nM ROCK2 43 nM ROCK1 170 nM JAK2 350 nM JAK3 >5000 nM IKK_(β) 109

12.4 nM ROCK2 28 nM ROCK1 JAK2 195 nM JAK3 695 nM 110

1.5 nM JAK2 6.8 nM JAK3 7.9 nM ROCK2 13 nM ROCK1 15 nM IKK_(β) 456 nM PKA 27 nM JAK1 5.3 nM TYK2 111

2.0 nM JAK2 4.8 nM JAK3 56 nM ROCK2 156 nM ROCK1 88 nM IKK_(β) 0.8 nM JAK1 7.0 nM TYK2 112

1.5 nM JAK2 2.9 nM JAK3 194 nM ROCK2 470 nM ROCK1 12 nM IKK_(β) 0.8 nM JAK1 1.5 nM TYK2 113

2.0 nM JAK2 24 nM JAK3 77 nM ROCK2 150 nM ROCK1 16 nM IKK_(β) 114

2.0 nM JAK2 7.4 nM JAK3 265 nM ROCK2 533 nM ROCK1 10.0 nM IKK_(β) 11.0 nM JAK1 2.8 nM TYK2 115

2.0 nM JAK2 6.3 nM JAK3 12 nM ROCK2 27 nM ROCK1 8.2 nM IKK_(β) 25 nM JAK1 7.0 nM TYK2 116

0.5-1.5 nM JAK2 1.9 nM JAK3 1.5 nM JAK1 2.9 nM TYK2 8.0 nM ROCK2 13 nM ROCK1 9 nM IKK_(β) 117

4.9 nM ROCK2 10 nM ROCK1 21 nM JAK2 127 nM JAK3 144 nM IKK_(β) 118

0.6 nM JAK2 4.7 nM JAK3 3.6 nM IKK_(β) 2.0 nM ROCK2 3.4 nM ROCK1 25 nM JAK1 12 nM TYK2 119

23 nM ROCK2 72 nM ROCK1 12 nM JAK2 118 nM JAK3 650 nM IKK_(β) 55 nM JAK1 1129 nM TYK2 120

6 nM ROCK2 9 nM ROCK1 2.0 nM JAK2 10 nM JAK3 8 nM IKK_(β) 121

10 nM ROCK2 10 nM ROCK1 14.8 nM JAK2 153 nM JAK3 325 nM TYK2 122

7.0 nM ROCK2 8.2 nM ROCK1 59 nM JAK2 930 nM JAK3 JAK1 > 500 nM 123

4.0 nM ROCK2 4.0 nM ROCK1 JAK2-44 nM JAK3-1140 nM 124

31 nM ROCK2 48 nM ROCK1 JAK2 652 nM 125

3 nM ROCK2 3.5 nM ROCK1 JAK2 65 nM 126

5 nM ROCK2 5 nM ROCK1 JAK2 72 nM 900 nM JAK3 127

9 nM ROCK2 25 nM ROCK1 900 nM JAK2 2000 nM JAK3 4100 nM IKK_(β) 128

75 nM ROCK2 154 nM ROCK1 17 nM JAK2 36 nM JAK3 129

1.0 nM JAK2 4.8 nM JAK3 38 nM IKK_(β) 343 nM ROCK2 748 nM ROCK1 0.9 nM JAK1 9.0 nM TYK2 130

1.0 nM JAK2 2.9 nM JAK3 120 nM ROCK2 250 nM ROCK1 5.0 nM IKK_(β) 1.0 nM JAK1 0.44 nM TYK2 131

2.0 nM JAK2 25.0 nM JAK3 77 nM ROCK2 150 nM ROCK1 17 nM IKK_(β) 132

1.5 nM JAK2 2.9 nM JAK3 194 nM ROCK2 470 nM ROCK1 12 nM IKK_(β) 133

0.70 nM JAK2 1.5 nM JAK3 68 nM ROCK2 128 nM ROCK1 4.1 nM IKK_(β) 2.0 nM JAK1 0.25 nM TYK2 134

2.0 nM JAK2 7.4 nM JAK3 265 nM ROCK2 606 nM ROCK1 10.0 nM IKK_(β) 11.0 nM JAK1 2.8 nM TYK2 135

19 nM JAK2 148 nM JAK3 4.9 nM ROCK2 16 nM ROCK1 1130 nM IKK_(β) 136

0.9 nM JAK2 15 nM JAK3 23 nM ROCK2 35 nM ROCK1 509 nM IKK_(β) 8.5 nM JAK1 40 nM TYK2 137

7.0 nM JAK2 98 nM JAK3 31 nM ROCK2 68 nM ROCK1 208 nM IKK_(β) 138

139

140

0.70 nM JAK2 1.5 nM JAK3 68 nM ROCK2 128 nM ROCK1 4.1 nM IKK_(β) 2.0 nM JAK1 0.25 nM TYK2 141

1.0 nM JAK2 5.8 nM JAK3 875 nM ROCK2 1200 nM ROCK1 3.6 nM IKK_(β) 7.3 nM JAK1 12 nM TYK2 142

143

3.0 nM JAK2 14.0 nM JAK3 74 nM ROCK2 220 nM ROCK1 105 nM IKK_(β) 15 nM JAK1 34 nM TYK2 144

10.8 nM JAK2 135 nM JAK3 57 nM ROCK2 153 nM ROCK1 765 nM IKK_(β) 145

146

2.0 nM ROCK2 3.4 nM ROCK1 4.5 nM JAK2 23 nM JAK3 34.5 nM IKK_(β) 147

17 nM JAK2 175 nM JAK3 759 nM IKK_(β) 21 nM ROCK2 21 nM ROCK1 148

149

150

151

2.0 nM JAK2 7.4 nM JAK3 265 nM ROCK2 606 nM ROCK1 10.0 nM IKK_(β) 11.0 nM JAK1 2.8 nM TYK2 152

153

154

155

156

157

0.90 nM JAK2 9.0 nM JAK3 108 nM ROCK2 122 nM ROCK1 16 nM IKK_(β) 158

2.0 nM JAK2 6.3 nM JAK3 13.8 nM ROCK2 27 nM ROCK1 8.2 nM IKK_(β) 25 nM JAK1 7.0 nM TYK2 159

160

161

162

163

164

165

166

167

168

169

1.15 nM JAK2 19 nM JAK3 44 nM ROCK2 125 nM ROCK1 159 nM IKK_(β) 120 nM JAK1 98 nM TYK2 170

0.35 nM JAK2 3.4 nM JAK3 5.0 nM IKK_(β) 12.3 nM ROCK2 20.0 nM ROCK1 3.0 nM JAK1 4.9 nM TYK2 171

172

173

174

3.4 nM JAK2 17 nM JAK3 235 nM IKK_(β) 17.3 nM ROCK 246 nM ROCK1 16 nM JAK1 29 nM TYK2 175

70 nM JAK2 200 nM JAK3 150 nM IKK_(β) 2.5 nM ROCK2 4.3 nM ROCK1 PTM: 650 nM 176

9.4 nM JAK2 38 nM JAK3 280 nM IKK_(β) 3.5 nM ROCK2 6.4 nM ROCK1 177

178

179

180

While the disclosure has been described in detail and with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of treating an ocular disorder in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R¹ is H, halo, —CN, —C₁₋₆ alkyl, —C₁₋₆ alkoxyl, —C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, —C₁₋₆ haloalkoxyl; R² is H or halo; X is —(C₁₋₅ heteroaryl)-R³; and R³ is halo, —C₂₋₆ heterocyclyl, or —C₁₋₆ heteroalkyl.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula (I) is a compound of Formula (II):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula (I) is a compound of Formula (III):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein R¹ is H, halo, —CN, —C₁₋₃ alkyl, —C₁₋₃ alkoxyl, —C₁₋₃ haloalkyl, —C₁₋₃ haloalkoxyl.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein R¹ is H, Cl, —CN, —CH₃, —CH₂CH₃, —CH(CH₃)₂, —CHF₂, —CF₃, or —OCF₃.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein R¹ is Cl, —CN, —CH₃, —CH₂CH₃, —CH(CH₃)₂, —CHF₂, —CF₃, or —OCF₃.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein R² is F, Cl, Br, or I.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein R² is H or F.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein X is —(C₃₋₅ heteroaryl)-R³.
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein X is


11. The method of claim 1, wherein R³ is —C₂₋₆ heterocyclyl or —C₁₋₆ heteroalkyl.
 12. The method of claim 1, wherein R³ is —C₃₋₅ heterocycloalkyl or —C₁₋₄ heteroalkyl.
 13. The method of claim 1, wherein R³ is F,


14. The method of claim 1, wherein R¹ is H, Cl, —CN, —CH₃, —CH₂CH₃, —CH(CH₃)₂, —CHF₂, —CF₃, or —OCF₃; R² is H or F; X is

and R³ is F,


15. The method of claim 1, wherein R¹ is Cl, —CN, —CH₃, —CH₂CH₃, —CH(CH₃)₂, —CHF₂, —CF₃, or —OCF₃; R² is H or F; X is

and R³ is


16. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound is selected from:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the ocular disorder is glaucoma, an inflammatory eye disease, a neurodegenerative eye disease, diabetic eye disease, wet age-related macular degeneration, or dry age-related macular degeneration.
 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound is administered topically to an eye of the subject.
 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound is administered topically to an eyelid of the subject.
 20. A method of reducing intraocular pressure in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R¹ is H, halo, —CN, —C₁₋₆ alkyl, —C₁₋₆ alkoxyl, —C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, —C₁₋₆ haloalkoxyl; R² is H or halo; X is —(C₁₋₅ heteroaryl)-R³; and R³ is halo, —C₂₋₆ heterocyclyl, or —C₁₋₆ heteroalkyl.
 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the compound is administered topically to an eye of the subject
 22. The method of claim 20, wherein the compound is administered topically to an eyelid of the subject.
 23. The method of claim 20, wherein the compound is selected from:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 24. A method of modulating kinase activity in a cell, comprising contacting the cell with an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R¹ is H, halo, —CN, —C₁₋₆ alkyl, —C₁₋₆ alkoxyl, —C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, —C₁₋₆ haloalkoxyl; R² is H or halo; X is —(C₁₋₅ heteroaryl)-R³; and R³ is halo, —C₂₋₆ heterocyclyl, or —C₁₋₆ heteroalkyl.
 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the cell is in a subject.
 26. The method of claim 24, wherein the cell is in a human subject.
 27. The method of claim 24, wherein the compound is selected from:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 28. A method of treating a disease or disorder associated with kinase activity in a subject in need thereof, comprising contacting the subject with a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R¹ is H, halo, —CN, —C₁₋₆ alkyl, —C₁₋₆ alkoxyl, —C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, —C₁₋₆ haloalkoxyl; R² is H or halo; X is —(C₁₋₅ heteroaryl)-R³; and R³ is halo, —C₂₋₆ heterocyclyl, or —C₁₋₆ heteroalkyl.
 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the kinase activity is a Janus kinase activity.
 30. The method of claim 28, wherein the kinase activity is a Rho-associated protein kinase activity.
 31. The method of claim 28, wherein the compound is selected from:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 